Henry Collyer

2G-grandfather of Norma Margaret Oliver

Born:

14 Mar 1808 Lambeth, Surrey, England

Baptised:

15 May 1808 St Clement's Eastcheap Church, London, England

Married:

7 Sep 1834 Christ Church, Newgate Street, London, England to Elizabeth Lee

Died:

27 Mar 1880 Southwark, Surrey, England. Age 72

Cause of death:

Heart disease

Buried:

3 Apr 1880 Nunhead Cemetery, Southwark, Surrey, England

Timeline

Mar 1808

May 1808

1812

1831

Jul 1831

Jul 1833

Sep 1834

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1839

Jun 1839

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1845-1846

1846

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Mar 1851

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1861

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1866

Jul 1866

Aug 1866

Jan 1867

1871-1878

Mar 1880

Apr 1880

Born at Lambeth, Surrey [1] [2] [3]

Baptised at St Clement's Church, Eastcheap, London [1]

Lived with parents at Circus Cottage, Bermondsey, Surrey [4]

Lived at Adelphi, The Strand, London and worked as a solicitor [5]

Accused of fathering the infant child of Amelia Grayson and attended order of affiliation hearing at Surrey Magistrates Court. Henry maintained he was not the father of the child but Magistrates found against him and ordered him to pay 5s. per week, which Henry appealed [5]

Imprisoned at Surrey County Gaol for debt. Worked as a solicitor's clerk at Clement's Inn, The Strand, London. Petitioned the Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors to be released and was discharged 30 July [6] [7]

Married Elizabeth Lee at Christ Church, Newgate Street, London [8]

Lived with wife Elizabeth at Carlisle Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with wife Elizabeth at Hercules Buildings, Penlington Place, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Mount Gardens, Westminster Road, Lambeth, Surrey [9] [10]

Lived with family at Queen's Row, Kennington, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at 25 Oakley St, Lambeth, Surrey and worked as an attorney's clerk [9] [11]

Imprisoned at Surrey County Gaol for debt [12]

Petitioned the Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors to be released from gaol. No information on outcome but seemingly discharged [13]

Lived with family at Pratt Street, Lambeth [9]

Lived with family at Jessamine Cottage, Mill Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9] [14]

Lived with family at 27 Wood Street, Princes Road, Lambeth, Surrey. Worked as a solicitor's clerk [9] [15]

Lived with family at Windmill Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Kingston Bottom near Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Queens Row, Walworth, Surrey and worked as a solicitor's clerk [9] [16] [17]

Lived with family at Cottage Place, Mill Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at 140 Blackfriars Road, Southwark, Surrey and worked as a solicitor's clerk [9] [18]

Lived with family at Durham Street, Vauxhall, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Paradise Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Princes Place, Kennington Cross, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at 2 Newtons Terrace, Kennington Green, Surrey and worked as a solicitor's clerk [9] [2]

Lived with family at 4 Clarendon Street, Camberwell New Rd, Camberwell, Surrey and worked as a solicitor's clerk [9] [19]

Lived with family at Trafalgar Street, Walworth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Rose Cottage, Mill Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Grove Terrace, Cottage Grove, Bedford Road, Clapham Rise, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at 13 Pratt Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9] [20]

Lived with family at 6 Bowling Green Street, Kennington, Surrey and worked as a solicitor's clerk [9] [21]

Lived with family at 3 Minerva Terrace, Lower Kennington Green, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Royal Road, Kennington Park, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Wood Street, Princes Road, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at Caroline Cottages, St Ann's Road, Brixton North, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at 4 Cowley Place, Brook Street, Lambeth, Surrey [9]

Lived with family at 4 Halford Terrace, Penton Place, Newington, Surrey [9]

Imprisoned at Surrey County Gaol for debt. Worked as a solicitor's clerk, bookkeeper, debt collector and accountant [22]

Petitioned the Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors to be released from gaol and discharged [9] [23]

Lived with family at Rose Cottage, Mill Street, Lambeth, Surrey [24]

Lived with family at 2 Grenville Terrace, Coburg Road, Old Kent Road, Southwark, Surrey [25]

Lived with family at 17 Gloucester Road, Camberwell, Surrey and worked as a solicitor's clerk [25]

Imprisoned at Surrey County Gaol for debt. Under his own petition, adjudged bankrupt [26] [27]

First meeting of creditors in bankruptcy [26]

Last examination in bankruptcy and application for discharge [28]

Lived with family at 123 Penton Place, Newington, Surrey and worked as a solicitor's clerk [3] [30]

Died at home at 102 Newington Causeway, Southwark, Surrey from heart disease [31]

Buried at Nunhead Cemetery, Southwark, Surrey [32]

Biography

Birth

Henry Collyer was born on the 14th of March 1808, the son of Samuel Collyer, a solicitor, and his wife Mary [1]. Henry consistently stated that he was born in Lambeth (his family did reside in the Lambeth area prior to his birth [33]), however he was baptised on the 15th of May 1808 in the church of St Clement Eastcheap, by St Paul's Cathedral in central London, and which had long been used by the Collyer family [1] [2] [3].

St Clement Eastcheap Church, London, 1838

Affiliation case and early financial problems

As a young man, Henry worked as a solicitor's clerk, likely under his father’s supervision. He lived with his parents at the upmarket address of Adelphi on the Strand and he was described as having a “very respectable appearance and demeanor”. However, at the age of 22, he became embroiled in a public scandal [5].

In 1831, Henry faced an affiliation case brought by Amelia Grayson, a young woman described as “exceedingly pretty” and around 19 or 20 years old at the time. Amelia alleged that Henry had fathered her child, born in March of that year [5].

Orders of affiliation were available to mothers of illegitimate children and permitted courts to award child maintenance costs of up to 5 shillings per week from the alleged father [34].

According to a news article covering the trial, the pair first met in May 1830 in the boxes of the Surrey Theatre [5]. At the time, the theatre was showing Black-Eyed Susan, a comic play, which ran for 300 nights between 1829-1830 [35] [36].

Their association continued and, in June 1830, Henry took Amelia to a shell-fish shop near the theatre for supper and encouraged her to drink freely of the brandy and water. This caused her to become sleepy and lie down on a sofa in the room. Amelia then stated that Henry "then accomplished her ruin." The relationship continued until August, when Henry went to the countryside, seemingly for the summer. While he was away, Amelia discovered she had become pregnant [5].

When Henry returned to London in October, Amelia told him of her condition and Henry agreed to pay for her expenses related to the pregnancy and to pay her maintenance for the child. The baby was born in March 1831 and Henry paid Amelia's expenses before abruptly stopping May, about a month prior [5].

In support of Henry's defence, his friend Thomas Wilkinson "a fashionably dressed young man" who Amelia described as "foppish and vain", stated that he had also had a physical relationship with Amelia over the summer while Henry was away and Amelia had told him that he was the father of her child. Thomas had also given Amelia money towards her pregnancy until Amelia's nurse, Mrs Johns, had confided in Thomas that Amelia had told Henry that he was the father, even though it wasn't true [5].

Thomas spoke to Henry and they decided to stop associating with her and they both ceased paying her any money [5].

Henry was firmly of the view that the child was not his and that the whole matter had affected his previously high opinion of Amelia. He then asked for the magistrate to dismiss the case. Unfortunately, the magistrate ruled against Henry and ordered him to pay child maintenance of 5 shillings per week. Henry refused to comply, stating he would appeal, however there is no record of him following through on this [5].

Surrey Theatre, Blackfriars Road, Southwark

Within two years, Henry had fallen into debt and, in April/May 1833, he was jailed at the Surrey County Gaol on Horsemonger Lane, also known as Horsemonger Lane Gaol [6].

Prison life and insolvency

It's not clear if Henry's insolvency was due to the financial strain of the affiliation order or for other reasons. This was a time before personal bankruptcy laws, when creditors could force someone to be incarcerated for their debt and held there until they were repaid [37].

Horsemonger Lane Gaol was the county jail for Surrey, located in Newington. It was a common jail, meaning it held male and female debtors and criminals, and was also used as a site for execution by hanging [38].

Within the jail, men and women were separated and, in the men's section, debtor prisoners were separated from those accused or convicted of other crimes. As in other jails, the debtors were split into the "Master's Side", for those with some means to pay for better conditions, and the "Common Side", for those with no resources [39]. While we don't have a record as to which side Henry was on, as a solicitor's clerk with a family who had sufficient means to assist him financially, he was probably housed on the Master's Side.

The Master Side had an exercise courtyard enclosed with iron palisades, paved with flagstone and with a section under arcades to permit walking in wet weather. It also had a day room with a fireplace, and sixteen sleeping rooms each 14 feet 6 inches by 9 feet 3 inches, with an iron grated and glazed window [39].

Sleeping rooms for the debtors was across three floors and on the Master's side, debtor prisoners slept two to a room, although in some of the larger rooms they slept three or four to a room. This was a still a substantially better option than on the Common Side, where it was five prisoners to a room and overcrowding became such a problem that some men were housed in the infirmary [39].

For the privilege of a shared room, bed and bedding, Henry would have paid 3 shillings sixpence a week to the jail [39]. This pointed to tyranny of debtor's prisons at the time - although jails were state-owned and subject to regulation, they operated for private profit. Jailed debtors found their positions getting worse, with money they were paying to the jail putting them financially further behind and their incarceration preventing them from earning money to repay their indebtedness [40].

Surrey County Gaol, Horsemonger Lane, Newington, 1802

Conditions were not the same as for criminals. Henry and the other debtors were not locked up in their rooms at night and they could use candlelight, visit each other and go to bed as late as they pleased. During the day, they were permitted visitors but scenes were often chaotic. In the summer, more than a thousand visitors might visit the debt prisoners in a day, bringing with them a wide range of contraband that prison officers were largely unable to control. Prohibited items such as spirits, wine and beer were ongoing issues, and it wasn't uncommon for prisoners to become destructive under the influence of drink. Horsemonger Lane Gaol recorded multiple instances of violent behaviour, with Master Debtors shattering panes of glass, destroying bedsteads and bedding and some prisoners having to be confined in a straitjacket until they calmed down [39].

Henry remained jailed for at least three months before petitioning the Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors to be released. Incarcerated debtors could petition for release from the Court, providing they had been in jail for at least three months and they had reached an agreement with their creditors for a fair distribution of their assets to repay their debts [37] [41].

On the 30th of July 1833, his petition was heard before the Court and he was immediately discharged [7].

Marriage and family life

The following year, at the age of 26, Henry married 18 year-old Elizabeth Lee, the daughter of Richard Lee, a shawl pattern designer, and his wife Elizabeth. The pair were married in Christ Church, also known as Christ Church Greyfriars, on Newgate Street, close to St Pauls in the city of London [8].

Christ Church on Newgate Street, London, 1845

After their wedding, the couple settled in Lambeth, in the area around Lambeth Palace, the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury [9].

The couple’s first child, Emma Francesca, was born on the 19th of October 1836 [42]. Despite their growing family, Henry’s financial difficulties persisted. By 1839, Henry had fallen behind on his debts once more and was again imprisoned at Horsemonger Lane Gaol [12].

The Court for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors assigned a Provisional Assignee to Henry's estate, a person who represented his creditors' interests and was responsible for the control and sale of his assets and effects, to pay back his debts. Anything of Henry's could be sold, except for clothing, bedding, the tools of his trade and essentials up to the value of £20 [37] [13].

After three months in prison and the Assignee appointment, Henry petitioned the Court for Relief to be discharged from prison, and the matter was heard on the 3rd of August, 1839 [13]. We don't have a record of the outcome but he was seemingly released. During this time, Elizabeth gave birth to their second child, Ellen Mary, further compounding their financial struggles [11].

Following his release from jail, Henry and Elizabeth moved frequently, living in Lambeth, Vauxhall, Kennington, Camberwell, and Brixton. They eventually had seven children: Emma Francesca, Ellen Mary, Frederick Charles, George Henry, Mary Elizabeth, Harriett Clara and Rebecca.

Hercules Buildings Hercules Road Lambeth.jpg

Hercules Buildings, Lambeth, where Henry and Elizabeth lived around 1836, when their first child Emma was born. The address was well-known as the poet William Blake lived at No. 13 Hercules Buildings in the 1790s

Continued financial struggles and bankruptcy

Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, Henry worked primarily as a solicitor's clerk but he also worked variously as a book keeper, debt collector and accountant [43].

This was a period of great change in London as well. Queen Victoria married Prince Albert in 1840, train lines were expanding into London's suburbs, causing their rapid urbanisation, and the electric telegraph was introduced [44].

The Oval at Kennington, c1860. The Collyer family lived just off the Oval on Bowling Green Street in 1854

Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, Henry worked primarily as a solicitor's clerk but he also worked variously as a book keeper, debt collector and accountant [43].

This was a period of great change in London as well. Queen Victoria married Prince Albert in 1840, train lines were expanding into London's surburbs, causing their rapid urbanisation and the electric telegraph was introduced [44].

The spectre of debt, however, was never far away and, in early 1859 and now aged 51, Henry was once again imprisoned in Horsemonger Lane Gaol. As before, he had to wait until he had served three months in jail before being eligible to apply for release under the provisions of the Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors. A Provisional Assignee was appointed to liquidate his assets and he was discharged from prison after his petition for release was approved on the 20th of July 1859 [43] [23].

Following his release, Henry's mother, Mary, a long-time resident of Rose Cottage on Mill Street, Lambeth, passed away and it appears that Henry and his family moved afterwards, being recorded as living their in 1861 [24]. The cottage was owned by Henry's older sister, Francesca, amongst other properties and it seems reasonable to suppose that Henry and his family moved to Rose Cottage while he got on his feet [45a and 45b].

In 1866, Henry's debts had again risen to the point where he declared insolvency [26].

By this time, the law had moved on and The Bankruptcy Act of 1861 had passed through Houses of Parliament. It abolished the distinction between bankruptcy and insolvency and meant that non-traders, such as Henry, could now declare themselves bankrupt. In practice, though, little changed for Henry as imprisonment for debt still continued as a practice until 1869. Henry was therefore once again imprisoned in Horsemonger Lane Gaol. In July 1866, he was adjudged bankrupt and dates were scheduled for the first meeting of his creditors. He remained in prison until the end of January 1867, when the final examination and discharge meeting was held [26] [28]. This would be the last time Henry would be declared bankrupt or be imprisoned.

Henry Collyer's signature in 1865

Latter years and death

By 1871, Henry, Elizabeth and their five youngest children moved to 123 Penton Place in Newington, Surrey, where they would remain for the next several years, their longest stay in a home [3] [30].

The children contributed to the family income: George worked as a solicitor's clerk while the three youngest girls, Mary, Harriett and Rebecca worked as dressmakers [3].

In 1873, Henry's daughter Ellen married William Harman, a clerk, at St Mary's Church in Lambeth [46].

In March 1877, Henry's son George, then 31 years of age, died of tuberculosis [47]. Tuberculosis, known as "consumption," was a rampant disease in Victorian England. The disease caused the body to waste away and develop a hacking cough that would led to the coughing up if blood and experience nightly fevers [48]. George's slow, painful decline would have been a painful experience for the family and, Henry and Elizabeth, then aged 69 and 61, might have struggled with the physical demands of George's care. Their youngest daughters, Harriett and Rebecca were still at home and we know that their eldest daughter Emma, also came to help as she was with George when he died [47].

On the 27th of March 1880, Henry himself died of heart disease [31]. He was buried a week later at Nunhead Cemetery in Southwark with his son George [32].

Source information

Henry Collyer, Baptismal record, St Clement Eastcheap Parish Register [Church of England], 15 May 1808, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]
Henry Collyer [1851], Census return for Newtons Terrace, Lambeth, Surrey, The National Archives of the UK, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]. Gave place of birth as Lambeth, Surrey
Henry Collyer [1871 census], Census return for Penton Place, Newington, Surrey, The National Archives of the UK, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]. Gave place of birth as Lambeth, Surrey.
Police, The Sun (London), 9 Dec 1812, page 4, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]. Samuel Collyer, Henry’s father, was a victim to a crime reported in the Sun. His address at the time was given as Circus Cottage, Bermondsey. This is taken as proxy for address for Henry at the time, as he was a small child.
Affiliation upon a lawyer, Satirist (or The Censor of the Times), 10 Jul 1831, page 8, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Court for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors, True Sun, 12 Jul 1833, page 4, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Law intelligence, True Sun, 30 Jul 1833, page 3, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Henry Collyer and Elizabeth Lee, Marriage record, Christ Church Newgate Street Parish Register [Church of England], 7 Sep 1834, Record no: 368, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]
Court for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors, London Gazette, 5 Jul 1859, Issue 22282, Page no 2622, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]. This is an order in relation to the insolvency of Henry and provides his - and by extension, his family's - address history. Addresses are listed in date order.
Edward John Joseph Collyer and Clara Rosa Collyer, Baptismal records, St Mary Lambeth Parish Register, 6 Jul 1837, Record no's: 2244 and 2245, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]. Edward and Clara were both baptised as the children of Henry's parents, Samuel and Mary Collyer. Their address is given as Mount Gardens. We know Henry also lived at Mount Gardens around this time, supporting the fact that he and his family lived at home in 1837.
- Collyer, England & Wales Birth Certificate, Birth registered 3rd Quarter 1839 in Lambeth, Record no: 488, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. This certificate relates to Emma's sister, Ellen (although no name is registered on the birth certificate, it confirms a girl was born and the parents were Henry and Elizabeth. . Ellen Mary's baptismal record, which shows her birth date, confirms that this birth certificate relates to her. Confirms family address at the time.
Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, London Gazette, 2 Jul 1839, Issue 19747, page 1310, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]
Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, London Gazette, 12 Jul 1839, Issue 19750, page 1379, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]
Henry Collyer [1841], Census return for Cottages, Lambeth, Surrey, The National Archives of the UK, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]
Frederick Collyer, England & Wales Birth Certificate, Birth registered 2nd Quarter 1842 in Lambeth, Record no: 111, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. Confirms the family's address.
George Collyer, England & Wales Birth Certificate, Registered 3rd Quarter 1845 in St Peter Walworth, Record no: 118, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. Confirms the family’s home address.
Henry Collyer, Prince’s Liberty Ward, Parish of St Mary Lambeth, Lambeth Electoral Registers 1832-1886, 1846, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Mary Elizabeth Collyer, England & Wales Birth Certificate, Registered 2nd Quarter 1848 in Southwark, Record no: 130, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. Confirms the family’s home address.
Harriett Clara Collyer, England & Wales Birth Certificate, Registered 3rd Quarter 1851 in Camberwell, Record no: 83, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. Confirms the family’s home address.
Samuel Collyer, England & Wales Death Certificate, Registered 2nd Quarter 1854 in Lambeth, Record no: 170, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. This is the death certificate for Henry’s father, Samuel. Henry was the informant, and it confirms his address.
Rebecca Collyer, England & Wales Birth Certificate, Registered 3rd Quarter 1854 in Lambeth, Record no: 499, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. Confirms family address.
Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, London Gazette, 31 May 1859, Issue 22269, page 2173, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]
Law notices, London Evening Standard, 20 Jul 1859, page 7, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Elizabeth Sarah Mary Lane, England & Wales Death Certificate, Registered 2nd Quarter 1861 in Lambeth, Record no: 29, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]. This is the death certificate for Henry's grand daughter, Elizabeth. Henry was the informant, and it confirms his address.
Notice of Sittings for Last Examination, London Gazette, 4 Sep 1866, Issue 23159, Page no 4903, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]. This is an order in relation to the insolvency of Henry and provides his - and by extension, his family's - address history. Addresses are listed in date order.
Notice of Adjudications and First meetings of Creditors, London Gazette, 31 Jul 1866, Issue 23146, page 4333, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]
Collyer Henry, Perry's Bankrupt Gazette, 4 Aug 1866, page 8, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Adjournments of Meetings, Perry's Bankrupt Gazette, 26 Jan 1867, page 4, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Untitled, London Gazette, 25 Dec 1868, Issue 23453, page 6843, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]
Henry Collyer, London Lambeth Electoral Registers 1832-1886, First Division, 1878, FindMyPast [www.findmypast.co.uk]
Henry Collyer, England & Wales Death Certificate, Registered 1st Quarter 1880 in St Saviour, Record no: 54, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]
Henry Collyer, Burial record, Nunhead Cemetery Burial Register, 3 Apr 1880, Deceased Online [deceasedonline.com]
Samuel Collyer - Prisoner in Poultry Compter, The London Gazette, 30 June 1801, Issue 15381, Page 744, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]. This is an insolvency notification for Henry's father, Samuel, which gives a previous address as Surrey Square, Newington.
Affiliation (family law), Last edited 25 Mar 2024, Wikipedia [en.wikipedia.org]
Surrey Theatre, Last edited 20 Nov 2024, Wikipedia [en.wikipedia.org]
Black-Eyed Susan, Last edited 28 Dec 2024, Wikipedia [en.wikipedia.org]
Insolvent Debtors (England) Act 1813, Last edited 3 Oct 2024, Wikipedia [en.wikipedia.org]
Horsemonger Lane Gaol, Last edited 14 Dec 2024, Wikipedia [en.wikipedia.org]
Neild, James, State of the prisons in England, Scotland and Wales, John Nichols and Son, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street, 1812, pages 547-549, Google Books [books.google.co.uk]
Wood, Andy, In debt and incarcerated: the tyranny of debtors' prisons, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]
1813: 53 George 3 c.102: Establishing the Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, The Statutes Project [statutes.org.uk]
Emma Francesca Collyer, Baptismal record, St Peter Walworth Parish Register [Church of England], 14 Jun 1846, Record no: 347, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]
Court for Relief of Insolvent Debtors, The London Gazette, 5 Jul 1859, Issue 22282, page 2622, The Gazette [thegazette.co.uk]
Timeline of London (19th century), Last edited 11 Dec 2024, Wikipedia [en.wikipedia.org]
Francesca Colyer (part 1 and part 2), Parish of Lambeth, Local and Personal Laws, Part 155, 1845, Great Britain, Google Books [books.google.co.uk]. This book is a compendium of Acts. The section that Francesca (and her sister-in-law Margaret Eliza Collyer, widow of Francesca's brother, Samuel Charles Collyer), relates to list of properties in Lambeth that could be liable for resumption of land, related to the extension of the London and South Western Railway, which would include going through Lambeth. All of the properties held by Francesca (by leasehold) were located on Mill Street, or Chapman's Place (off Mill Street). Also shows Francesca herself living at Tulip Cottage, Mill Street.
William Flowers Harman and Ellen Mary Collyer, Marriage record, St Mary Lambeth Parish Register [Church of England], 28 Dec 1873, Record no: 55, Ancestry [www.ancestry.co.uk]
George Henry Collyer, England & Wales Death Certificate, Registered 1st Quarter 1877 in St Saviour Surrey, Record no: 444, General Register Office [www.gro.gov.uk]
Information on tuberculosis in the 19th century:
- Glaziou P, Floyd K, Raviglione M, Trends in tuberculosis in the UK, Thorax, Published Online First: 19 April 2018
- Frith, J, History of tuberculosis. Part 1 - phthisis, consumption and the White Plague, History, Volume 22, No 2
- History of tuberculosis, Wikipedia, Last edited 20 Jun 2024 [en.wikipedia.org]
- Tuberculosis: A Short History, Centre for Chronic Diseases and Disorders, Centre for Global Health Histories, Orient Blackswan Private Ltd, 2013